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Interval Calculations in EasyAF

The EasyAF library provides a powerful and flexible system for handling time-based calculations through its Interval class hierarchy. This system enables you to work with frequencies, rates, and monetary amounts across different time periods with automatic conversion capabilities.

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Core Concepts

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Base Interval Class

The foundation of the system is the Interval<T> class, which represents frequency - how often something occurs over time. The key insight is that an interval represents “time per occurrence,” not “occurrences per time.” 
// Example: Making widgets
// If it takes 1.5 hours to make 1 widget, how many widgets per day?
var widgetInterval = new Interval<double>(1.5, IntervalType.Hours);
decimal widgetsPerDay = widgetInterval.PerDay(); // 16 widgets (24 hours ÷ 1.5 hours)

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Key Properties

  • Value: Always represents a time duration (e.g., 1.5 hours, 3 days, 2 weeks)
  • Type: The time unit for the Value (Hours, Days, Weeks, Months, Years)

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Method Types

The interval classes provide two distinct types of calculation methods:
  1. *Per methods (inherited)**: Calculate interval frequency - how many intervals fit in a time period
  2. Specialized rate methods: Calculate total amounts for derived classes (money, ratios, percentages)

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Interval Types

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1. Base Interval Class

Calculates pure frequency - how many intervals occur within different time periods. 
// Widget production: 1 widget every 1.5 hours
var productionInterval = new Interval<double>(1.5, IntervalType.Hours);

decimal widgetsPerHour = productionInterval.PerHour();     // 0.67 widgets
decimal widgetsPerDay = productionInterval.PerDay();       // 16 widgets  
decimal widgetsPerWeek = productionInterval.PerWeek();     // 112 widgets
decimal widgetsPerMonth = productionInterval.PerMonth();   // 486.67 widgets
decimal widgetsPerYear = productionInterval.PerYear();     // 5840 widgets

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2. MoneyInterval Class

Represents financial amounts that occur at regular intervals. Unlike other derived classes, MoneyInterval overrides the base methods to directly return monetary amounts. 
// Salary: $100 every 1.5 hours
var salaryInterval = new MoneyInterval<double>(100m, 1.5, IntervalType.Hours);

// These return dollar amounts directly
decimal dollarsPerHour = salaryInterval.PerHour();     // $66.67
decimal dollarsPerDay = salaryInterval.PerDay();       // $1600.00
decimal dollarsPerWeek = salaryInterval.PerWeek();     // $11,200.00
decimal dollarsPerMonth = salaryInterval.PerMonth();   // $48,666.67
decimal dollarsPerYear = salaryInterval.PerYear();     // $584,000.00

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MoneyInterval ToString Methods

var salary = new MoneyInterval<double>(75000m, 1, IntervalType.Years);

string display1 = salary.ToString();           // "$75,000.00 / 1 year"
string display2 = salary.ToString(0);          // "$75,000 / 1 year"
string display3 = salary.ToString(2);          // "$75,000.00 / 1 year"

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3. RatioInterval Class

Combines base interval calculations with ratio multiplication. Provides both inherited frequency methods and new ratio calculation methods. 
// Conversion rate: 70% success every 2 weeks
var conversionInterval = new RatioInterval<double>(0.70m, 2, IntervalType.Weeks);

// Frequency methods (inherited) - how many 2-week periods?
decimal periodsPerMonth = conversionInterval.PerMonth();    // 2.17 periods
decimal periodsPerYear = conversionInterval.PerYear();      // 26 periods

// Ratio methods - total conversion amounts
decimal ratioPerWeek = conversionInterval.RatioPerWeek();   // 0.35 (0.70 × 0.5)
decimal ratioPerMonth = conversionInterval.RatioPerMonth(); // 1.52 (0.70 × 2.17)
decimal ratioPerYear = conversionInterval.RatioPerYear();   // 18.2 (0.70 × 26)

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RatioInterval Use Cases

// Performance metrics: 95% efficiency every 8 hours
var efficiencyInterval = new RatioInterval<double>(0.95m, 8, IntervalType.Hours);
decimal efficiencyPerDay = efficiencyInterval.RatioPerDay(); // 2.85 (0.95 × 3)

// Quality metrics: 99.5% success rate every day
var qualityInterval = new RatioInterval<double>(0.995m, 1, IntervalType.Days);
decimal qualityPerWeek = qualityInterval.RatioPerWeek();     // 6.965 (0.995 × 7)

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4. PercentageInterval Class

Similar to RatioInterval but designed specifically for percentage-based calculations. Uses Rate property and provides RatePer* methods. 
// Interest rate: 2.5% every quarter (3 months)
var interestInterval = new PercentageInterval<double>(0.025m, 3, IntervalType.Months);

// Frequency methods (inherited) - how many quarters?
decimal quartersPerYear = interestInterval.PerYear();       // 4 quarters

// Rate methods - total interest percentages
decimal ratePerMonth = interestInterval.RatePerMonth();     // 0.0083 (0.025 × 0.33)
decimal ratePerYear = interestInterval.RatePerYear();       // 0.10 (0.025 × 4)

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PercentageInterval Use Cases

// Growth rate: 5% growth every month
var growthInterval = new PercentageInterval<double>(0.05m, 1, IntervalType.Months);
decimal annualGrowth = growthInterval.RatePerYear();        // 0.60 (0.05 × 12)

// Discount rate: 10% discount every week
var discountInterval = new PercentageInterval<double>(0.10m, 1, IntervalType.Weeks);
decimal monthlyDiscount = discountInterval.RatePerMonth();  // 0.434 (0.10 × 4.34)

// Error rate: 0.1% error rate every hour
var errorInterval = new PercentageInterval<double>(0.001m, 1, IntervalType.Hours);
decimal dailyErrorRate = errorInterval.RatePerDay();        // 0.024 (0.001 × 24)

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Advanced Examples

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Complex Financial Scenarios

// Freelance work: $150 every 2.5 hours
var freelanceWork = new MoneyInterval<double>(150m, 2.5, IntervalType.Hours);

decimal hourlyRate = freelanceWork.PerHour();               // $60.00
decimal dailyEarnings = freelanceWork.PerDay();             // $1,440.00 (24 ÷ 2.5 × $150)
decimal weeklyEarnings = freelanceWork.PerWeek();           // $10,080.00
decimal monthlyEarnings = freelanceWork.PerMonth();         // $43,733.33
decimal annualEarnings = freelanceWork.PerYear();           // $524,800.00

// NEW: Calculate earnings for specific work hours
decimal earnings8Hours = freelanceWork.PerDay(8);           // $11,520.00 (for 8 hours of work)
decimal earnings40Hours = freelanceWork.PerWeek(40);        // $403,200.00 (for 40 hours of work)

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Quantity-Based Calculations

The new overloaded methods allow you to directly calculate results for specific quantities:

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Widget Production with Materials

// Widget production: 1 widget every 1.5 hours
var production = new Interval<double>(1.5, IntervalType.Hours);

// Traditional calculation
decimal widgetsPerHour = production.PerHour();              // 0.67 widgets
decimal widgetsFrom100Materials = widgetsPerHour * 100;    // 66.67 widgets

// NEW: Direct calculation with quantity
decimal totalWidgetsPerHour = production.PerHour(100);     // 66.67 widgets (direct)
decimal totalWidgetsPerDay = production.PerDay(100);       // 1,600 widgets

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Lead Conversion with Customer Quantities

// Sales conversion: 70% conversion rate every month
var conversion = new RatioInterval<double>(0.70m, 1, IntervalType.Months);

// Traditional calculation
decimal conversionRate = conversion.RatioPerMonth();        // 0.70
decimal conversionsFrom30 = conversionRate * 30;           // 21 customers

// NEW: Direct calculation with customer quantity
decimal totalConversions = conversion.RatioPerMonth(30);   // 21 customers (direct)
decimal weeklyConversions = conversion.RatioPerWeek(30);   // ~4.88 customers
decimal dailyConversions = conversion.RatioPerDay(30);     // ~0.69 customers

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Interest Calculations with Principal Amounts

// Interest rate: 2.5% every quarter (3 months)
var interest = new PercentageInterval<double>(0.025m, 3, IntervalType.Months);

// Traditional calculation
decimal quarterlyRate = interest.RatePerYear();             // 0.10 (10% annually)
decimal interestOn50k = quarterlyRate * 50000;             // $5,000

// NEW: Direct calculation with principal amount
decimal annualInterest = interest.RatePerYear(50000);      // $5,000 (direct)
decimal monthlyInterest = interest.RatePerMonth(50000);    // ~$416.67
decimal dailyInterest = interest.RatePerDay(50000);        // ~$13.70

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Performance and Conversion Tracking

// Sales conversion: 35% conversion rate every 3 days
var salesConversion = new RatioInterval<double>(0.35m, 3, IntervalType.Days);

// How many 3-day periods per week?
decimal periodsPerWeek = salesConversion.PerWeek();         // 2.33 periods

// Total conversion rate per week?
decimal weeklyConversion = salesConversion.RatioPerWeek();  // 0.817 (0.35 × 2.33)

// Monthly conversion totals
decimal monthlyConversion = salesConversion.RatioPerMonth(); // 3.62 (0.35 × 10.33)

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Interest and Growth Calculations

// Compound interest: 1.2% every month
var monthlyInterest = new PercentageInterval<double>(0.012m, 1, IntervalType.Months);

decimal quarterlyRate = monthlyInterest.RatePerMonth() * 3;  // 0.036 (3.6% per quarter)
decimal annualRate = monthlyInterest.RatePerYear();          // 0.144 (14.4% per year)

// Investment growth: 8% every quarter
var quarterlyGrowth = new PercentageInterval<double>(0.08m, 3, IntervalType.Months);
decimal annualGrowthRate = quarterlyGrowth.RatePerYear();    // 0.32 (32% per year)

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Method Reference

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Base Interval Methods (All Classes)

These methods calculate frequency - how many intervals fit within the specified time period:
  • PerMinute() - Intervals per minute
  • PerHour() - Intervals per hour
  • PerDay() - Intervals per day
  • PerWeek() - Intervals per week
  • PerMonth() - Intervals per month
  • PerYear() - Intervals per year
NEW: Quantity-based overloads:
  • PerMinute(decimal quantity) - Total output per minute for given quantity
  • PerHour(decimal quantity) - Total output per hour for given quantity
  • PerDay(decimal quantity) - Total output per day for given quantity
  • PerWeek(decimal quantity) - Total output per week for given quantity
  • PerMonth(decimal quantity) - Total output per month for given quantity
  • PerYear(decimal quantity) - Total output per year for given quantity

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MoneyInterval Methods

MoneyInterval overrides the base methods to return monetary amounts:
  • PerMinute() - Dollars per minute
  • PerHour() - Dollars per hour
  • PerDay() - Dollars per day
  • PerWeek() - Dollars per week
  • PerMonth() - Dollars per month
  • PerYear() - Dollars per year
NEW: Quantity-based overloads (e.g., hours worked, units sold):
  • PerMinute(decimal quantity) - Total earnings per minute for given quantity
  • PerHour(decimal quantity) - Total earnings per hour for given quantity
  • PerDay(decimal quantity) - Total earnings per day for given quantity
  • PerWeek(decimal quantity) - Total earnings per week for given quantity
  • PerMonth(decimal quantity) - Total earnings per month for given quantity
  • PerYear(decimal quantity) - Total earnings per year for given quantity

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RatioInterval Methods

RatioInterval provides both inherited frequency methods and new ratio methods: Frequency methods (inherited):
  • PerMinute(), PerHour(), PerDay(), etc. - Number of intervals per time period
  • PerMinute(decimal quantity), PerHour(decimal quantity), etc. - Total output for given quantity
Ratio methods:
  • RatioPerMinute() - Total ratio per minute (intervals × ratio)
  • RatioPerHour() - Total ratio per hour
  • RatioPerDay() - Total ratio per day
  • RatioPerWeek() - Total ratio per week
  • RatioPerMonth() - Total ratio per month
  • RatioPerYear() - Total ratio per year
NEW: Quantity-based ratio overloads:
  • RatioPerMinute(decimal quantity) - Total ratio applied to quantity per minute
  • RatioPerHour(decimal quantity) - Total ratio applied to quantity per hour
  • RatioPerDay(decimal quantity) - Total ratio applied to quantity per day
  • RatioPerWeek(decimal quantity) - Total ratio applied to quantity per week
  • RatioPerMonth(decimal quantity) - Total ratio applied to quantity per month
  • RatioPerYear(decimal quantity) - Total ratio applied to quantity per year

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PercentageInterval Methods

PercentageInterval provides both inherited frequency methods and new rate methods: Frequency methods (inherited):
  • PerMinute(), PerHour(), PerDay(), etc. - Number of intervals per time period
  • PerMinute(decimal quantity), PerHour(decimal quantity), etc. - Total output for given quantity
Rate methods:
  • RatePerMinute() - Total rate per minute (intervals × rate)
  • RatePerHour() - Total rate per hour
  • RatePerDay() - Total rate per day
  • RatePerWeek() - Total rate per week
  • RatePerMonth() - Total rate per month
  • RatePerYear() - Total rate per year
NEW: Principal-based rate overloads:
  • RatePerMinute(decimal principal) - Total rate applied to principal per minute
  • RatePerHour(decimal principal) - Total rate applied to principal per hour
  • RatePerDay(decimal principal) - Total rate applied to principal per day
  • RatePerWeek(decimal principal) - Total rate applied to principal per week
  • RatePerMonth(decimal principal) - Total rate applied to principal per month
  • RatePerYear(decimal principal) - Total rate applied to principal per year

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Time Conversion Constants

The system uses these conversion factors for calculations:
  • Minutes per hour: 60
  • Hours per day: 24
  • Days per week: 7
  • Days per month: 30.4375 (365.25 ÷ 12)
  • Days per year: 365.25
  • Weeks per month: 4.345 (30.4375 ÷ 7)
  • Months per year: 12

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Best Practices

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1. Choose the Right Class

  • Use Interval<T> for pure frequency calculations
  • Use MoneyInterval<T> for financial amounts where you want direct monetary results
  • Use RatioInterval<T> for general ratio/rate calculations where you need both frequency and rate methods
  • Use PercentageInterval<T> for percentage-based calculations

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2. Understanding Method Behavior

// MoneyInterval overrides base methods
var salary = new MoneyInterval<double>(50m, 1, IntervalType.Hours);
decimal dollarsPerHour = salary.PerHour();  // $50.00 (direct monetary amount)

// RatioInterval keeps base methods and adds new ones
var conversion = new RatioInterval<double>(0.5m, 1, IntervalType.Hours);
decimal intervalsPerHour = conversion.PerHour();        // 1.0 (frequency)
decimal ratioPerHour = conversion.RatioPerHour();       // 0.5 (rate calculation)

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3. Precision Considerations

All calculations return decimal values for maximum precision in financial and rate calculations. Be aware that some conversions may result in repeating decimals.

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4. Validation

Always validate input values: 
// Ensure positive values for time durations
if (Convert.ToDecimal(value) <= 0)
    throw new ArgumentException("Interval value must be positive");

// Validate reasonable ranges for rates and percentages
if (rate < 0 || rate > 1)
    throw new ArgumentException("Rate should be between 0 and 1");
This interval system provides a robust foundation for time-based calculations across financial, performance, and analytical scenarios in your applications.
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